Types of
Electric Motors
DC
Motors:
- Shunt motor
- Separately Excited Induction motor
- Series Motor
- Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC)
- Compounded motor
AC
Motors:
- Induction motor
- Synchronous motor
Other
Motors:
- Stepper motor
- Brushless DC motor
- Hysteresis motor
- Reluctance motor
- Universal motor
DC
Motors
- Shunt
DC motor: The rotor and
stator windings are connected in parallel.
- Sparately
Excited motor: The rotor
and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another
degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt.
- Series
motor: the stator and
rotor windings are connected in series. Thus the torque is proportional to so
it gives the highest torque per current ratio over all other dc motors. It is
therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors.
- Permanent
Magnet (PMDC) motors: The
stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor is smaller in size.
- Compouned
motor: the stator is
connected to the rotor through a compound of shunt and series windings, if the
shunt and series windings add up together, the motor is called comulatively
compounded. If they subtract from each other, then a differentially compounded
motor results, which is unsuitable for any application.
AC
Motors:
- Induction
Motor: So called because
voltage is induced in the rotor (thus no need for brushes), but for this to
happen, the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magnetic magnetic field
to allow for the existance of an induced voltage. Therefore a new term is
needed to describe the induction motor: the slip.
- Synchronous
Motor: So called because
rotor tries to line up with the rotating magnetic field in the stator. It has
the stator of an induction induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor.
Other
Motors:
- Stepper
motor: a special type of
synchronous motors. Rotates a number of degrees with each electric pulse.
- Brushless
DC motor: a close cousin
o f a permanent magnet stepper motor with electronic controllers.
- Hysteresis
motor: hysteresis
produces the torque, can be very tiny, used as the driver for electric clock.
- Reluctance
motor: A synchronous
‐induction motor. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like
an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor.
- Universal
motor: If a series dc
motor has a laminated stator frame, it can run effectively from an ac supply as
well as dc, this is the universal motor.
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